The origins of modern chess was originally known as Charuranga, which flourished in India in the 6th century. Since the beginning of the game was already introduced two of the play, the difference with the chess pieces the power differently, and depending on the fruit last victory, or in modern chess is marked by the fall of the king. In ancient chess, chess board has 100 boxes, or even more.
In the early 19th century, an opinion delivered Captain Hiram Cox and Duncan Forbes that the first chess playing 4 people at once, including four players in Chaturanga.
In the terminology of Sanskrit, "Chaturanga" means "four parts" and the epic poem of heroism that word also means "army." The name itself comes from a formation in the epic Mahabharata battle famous in India. Chaturanga is a war game simulation to demonstrate the power of the military strategy of India at that time.
Ashtapada, box 8 x 8 on a board is a place to play Charuranga. Other boards are known in India is Dasapada Saturankam 10 x 10 and 9 x 9.
Arab scientist Abu al-Hasan 'Al? Al-Mas "? D? gives details about the use of chess as a tool of military strategy, mathematics, sometimes associated with gambling and divination fortune in India and elsewhere. Note Mas "? D? Also showed Ivory in India is the manufacturer of equipment for the first time a chess game, as well as introducing the game spread from Persia to India during the Kingdom Nushirwan.
Then the evolution of a game known as Chaturanga Shatranj (chatrang), which is a game of two players who defeat and victory is determined by a purge of all the opponents pieces (except king) or through the conquest of the king's opponents. Pawn position and the horse has not changed, but the other pieces change shape.
History of Middle Eastern Origin of Chess
Karnamak-i-i Ardeshir reception, a founder of the Sassanid Persian Empire in Iraq introduced the game chatrang as one way that people remember him as a legendary hero. The oldest records about the game was made in the 10th century the game notation between a historian of Baghdad and his disciples.
On the 11 th century, Ferdowsi tells of a king came from India to do the game on a chessboard. This story is translated in English by the British Museum manuscript.
One day an ambassador of Hindu Kings came to trial in the Persian Chosroes, and after small talk, the ambassador presented a chess board made of ebony and ivory.
He then throws a challenge: "Oh great king, find the smartest and wisest people to solve the mystery of this game. If they managed to Hindu god king will give us the title. But if he fails to prove that skill level is lower Persian population and we will request instructions from Iran. "
The messenger then showed that he was carrying the chess board. A day later, after thinking hard, Buzurjmihir, managed to solve the mystery and then earned his degree as promised.
History Origins of the European Chess
Variations charunga entered Europe through Persia, as the spread of influence of the Byzantine Empire and the expansion of the Arab Empire. Chess into southern Europe by the end of the first millennium.
Sometimes chess are also carried by the troops who occupied the new colonies, such as Normandy into England territory. Chess was originally less popular in Northern Europe, which was not used to think abstractly, but slowly became popular when introduced to figurative pieces.
Social value to the excess of this game in the past, this game is associated with honor and high culture-so that some of the chess board is made of special materials and high-priced. Weakened the popularity of chess in the West between 12 to 15 century AD At that time chess books are usually written in Latin.
In the development of chess and the lifestyle associated with the European knights. Peter Alfonsi Clericalis disciplina in his book, put chess into seven skill that must be possessed of a warrior.
Symbols and army officers started to go in chess. King Henry I, King Henry II and King Richard I of England is the patron of chess time. Another royal pay serious attention to this game is the King Alfonso X of Spain and King Ivan IV of Russia.
When the church issued a prohibition against a variety of games in society, chess escaped from the black list. Saint Peter Damian announced the game away a bad impact on society. Florence Bishop defended this game because it involves skill and "not like other games."
Sanskrit Arabic English Latin
In medieval times, the game is running long, even after the game that you just held for days. New rules on time limits were introduced in 1300. Rules pawns / pawns may move two pawns when you first step is also introduced.
In 1475 the evolution of the game of chess. Introduced the concept of step-Queen of the most powerful fruit-and introduced the concept of promotion of a pawn that could turn into a queen. War elephants in chatunga also changed the term to be bishop. Thus it becomes easier checkmate in the game and reduce drastically the necessary steps.
An Italian player, Gioacchino Greco, was recorded as the first professional chess player in the history of this game. He wrote a chess book and featuring some of the compositions as well as analysis of chess games. This work makes a game of chess became popular and began to demonstrate the theory, tactics and strategy of this game.
The first work that includes numerous variations and combinations of victory written by Andre Danican-Philidor Franchois of France. He showed the best chess game for 50 years and the book was published in the 18th century. His book titled L'Analyze des echecs (Chess Analysis), an influential book up to 100 times reprinted.
Chess game in the Modern Era
Chess competitions were held in 1834 and in 1851 began to introduce the London Chess Tournament time limit for each player.
In a player match records terkandang to spend hours to analyze a single step. But in London a chess tournament chess players are only allowed to spend 2 hours and 20 minutes to take a single step.
In its development, was introduced rapid chess: chess 5 minutes. But the popular two-hour rule for any chess player to move 30 times. In the final variant, a player who fails to fulfill the obligations it will get a penalty.
In the year 1861 chess tournament with a time limit begins playing in Bristol, England. The tool used is the hourglass.
Modern chess clock with two buttons and found to facilitate the game. A player may stop the clock when he finished the needle move. Chess clock is equipped with warning flag falls - for players who exceed the time limit has become known in the late 19th century.
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